Verified Solution • 2025–26 Session moderate

QPage 62: Q12: HC Verma: Concepts of Physics - Volume 2 Laws of Thermodynamics Page 62: Q12 Solution: A system can be taken from the initial state to the final state …

A system can be taken from the initial state

p_1, V_1

to the final state

p_2, V_2

by two different methods. Let

\Delta Q

and

\Delta W

represent the heat given to the system and the work done by the system. Which of the following must be the same in both the methods?

Multiple Choice Options

A $\Delta Q$
B $\Delta W$
C $\Delta Q + \Delta W$
D $\Delta Q - \Delta W$

Step-by-Step Verified Solution

**Answer:** (d) _Q - _W. **Step-by-Step Explanation:** _Q - _W = _U, which depends only on initial and final states and is the same for both methods.

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