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QPage 60: Q7: HC Verma: Concepts of Physics - Volume 2 Laws of Thermodynamics Page 60: Q7 Solution: A closed bottle contains some liquid. The bottle is shaken…

⚠️ Common Exam Traps & Conceptual Pitfalls

Students often equate a rise in temperature with heat entering the system. In a closed vessel, no heat can flow; the temperature increase comes from work done against viscous forces. Remember the first law: $Delta U=Q+W$, and here $Q=0$, $W>0$.

A closed bottle contains some liquid. The bottle is shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. It is found that the temperature of the liquid is increased. Is heat transferred to the liquid? Is work done on the liquid? Neglect expansion on heating.

Step-by-Step Verified Solution

**Answer:** No heat is transferred to the liquid. Yes, work is done on the liquid. **Step-by-Step Explanation:** The bottle is shaken vigorously, so work is done on the liquid against viscous forces. This work increases the internal energy of the liquid, raising its temperature. Since the bottle is closed, no external heat is exchanged with the surroundings [citation:8][citation:10].

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