Verified Solution • 2025–26 Session moderate

QPage 418: Q9: HC Verma: Concepts of Physics - Volume 2 Semiconductors and Semiconductor Devices Page 418: Q9 Solution: In a normal operation of a transistor,

⚠️ Common Exam Traps & Conceptual Pitfalls

Students often assume that both the base‑emitter and base‑collector pn‑junctions are forward‑biased because they are similar diodes; however, in the transistor's normal (active) mode the base‑emitter junction must be forward‑biased while the base‑collector junction is reverse‑biased. Remember to first identify the operating region (active, not saturation) before assigning bias polarity.

In a normal operation of a transistor,

Multiple Choice Options

  • A the base_emitter junction is forward-biased
  • B the base_collector junction is forward-biased
  • C the base_emitter junction is reverse-biased
  • D the base_collector junction is reverse-biased.

Step-by-Step Verified Solution

**Answer:** (a), (d). **Step-by-Step Explanation:** In normal operation, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased (a) and the base-collector junction is reverse-biased (d).

All Questions in this Chapter

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