Verified Solution • 2025–26 Session moderate

QPages 198-203: Q18: HC Verma: Concepts of Physics - Volume 2 Electric Current in Conductors Pages 198-203: Q18 Solution: The potential difference between the terminals of a 6.0 V…

⚠️ Common Exam Traps & Conceptual Pitfalls

Students often apply the discharge formula $V=\varepsilon- Ir$ even when the battery is being charged, which would give a negative or nonsensical resistance. Remember that while charging the external current flows opposite to the emf, so the terminal voltage is higher: $V=\varepsilon+ Ir$; use this sign to compute the internal resistance correctly.

The potential difference between the terminals of a 6.0 V battery is 7.2 V when it is being charged by a current of 2.0 A. What is the internal resistance of the battery?

Step-by-Step Verified Solution

**Answer:**

r = 0.6\\ \\Omega

. **Step-BY-Step Explanation:**

V = \\varepsilon + ir

(charging):

7.2 = 6 + 2r \\Rightarrow r = 0.6\\ \\Omega

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