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QPage 217: Q4: HC Verma: Concepts of Physics - Volume 2 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current Page 217: Q4 Solution: Apply the first law of thermodynamics to a resistor carrying a…

Apply the first law of thermodynamics to a resistor carrying a current i. Identify which of the quantities ΔQ\Delta Q, ΔU\Delta U and ΔW\Delta W are zero, positive and negative.

Step-by-Step Verified Solution

**Answer:** ΔW\Delta W is negative, ΔU\Delta U is positive, and ΔQ\Delta Q is zero. **Step-by-Step Explanation:** First law: ΔU=ΔQ−ΔW\Delta U = \Delta Q - \Delta W. Our system is the resistor. The battery does work **on** the resistor by pushing charges, so ΔW\Delta W (work done **by** the system) is **negative**. The resistor's temperature increases, so its internal energy increases: ΔU\Delta U is **positive**. No heat is added from outside: ΔQ=0\Delta Q = 0 [citation:12].

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