QNEET-2024-Ph-144: NEET 2024 Physics - Class 11 NEET-2024-Ph-144 Solution: The equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system is described by …

The correct answer is Option D: A, C and D only . Here's why: The equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system is defined by a set of conditions where the system is in a stable, unchanging state. These conditions include: Pressure (A): A measure of the force exerted by the system per unit area. At equilibrium, the pressure within the system is constant and uniform. Temperature (C): A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within the system. At equilibrium, the temperature throughout the system is constant and uniform. Volume (D): The amount of space occupied by the system. At equilibrium, the volume remains constant unless external forces act upon the system. Let's examine why the other options are incorrect: Total heat (B): While heat transfer can occur during a process, the total heat content of a system is not a defining characteristic of its equilibrium state. Equilibrium is about the absence of net change, not the total amount of energy present. Work done (E): Work is a process, not a state variable. It describes the energy transfer during a change in the system, not its equilibrium condition. In summary, pressure, temperature, and volume are the key state variables that define the equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system because they are constant and uniform under these conditions.