QNEET-2023-Ch-271: NEET 2023 Chemistry - Class 11 NEET-2023-Ch-271 Solution: Given below are two statements: Statement I: In an organic…

To address these statements, let's analyze each one : Statement I : "In an organic compound, when inductive and electromeric effects operate in opposite directions, the inductive effect predominates." The inductive effect refers to the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule by electrostatic induction. It's a permanent effect. The electromeric effect is a temporary effect, occurring when a reagent approaches a double bond or a polar molecule and causes electrons to shift entirely from one atom to another. Generally, in organic chemistry, the inductive effect is considered to be a weaker effect compared to the electromeric effect. When both effects are present and oppose each other, the electromeric effect, being a more dominant electronic effect, usually prevails. Statement II : "Hyperconjugation is observed in o-xylene." Hyperconjugation is a phenomenon where electrons in a sigma bond (usually C-H or C-C) are delocalized into an adjacent empty or partially filled p-orbital or pi-orbital, stabilizing the system. o-Xylene is an aromatic compound with two methyl groups attached to the benzene ring in ortho positions. However, hyperconjugation typically occurs in alkenes or carbocations where there is an adjacent p-orbital. In o-xylene, the aromatic system is already stabilized by resonance, and the hyperconjugation of the methyl groups does not significantly contribute to this stability. Based on these explanations : Statement I is false because the electromeric effect is generally stronger than the inductive effect. Statement II is true as hyperconjugation can be observed in o-xylene, although its impact on the molecule's stability is minimal compared to the aromatic resonance. Thus, the correct option is : Option B : Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true.