a m p ; X T A X = 0 a m p ; ( x y z ) ( a 1 a m p ; a 2 a m p ; a 3 b 1 a m p ; b 2 a m p ; b 3 c 1 a m p ; c 2 a m p ; c 3 ) ( x y z ) = 0 a m p ; ( x y z ) ( a 1 x + a 2 y + a 3 z b 1 x + b 2 y + b 3 z c 1 x + c 2 y + c 3 z ) = 0 \begin{aligned}& X^T A X=0 \\& (x y z)\left(\begin{array}{lll}a_1 & a_2 & a_3 \\b_1 & b_2 & b_3 \\c_1 & c_2 & c_3\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{l}x \\y \\z\end{array}\right)=0 \\& (x y z)\left(\begin{array}{l}a_1 x+a_2 y+a_3 z \\b_1 x+b_2 y+b_3 z \\c_1 x+c_2 y+c_3 z\end{array}\right)=0\end{aligned} am p ; X T A X = 0 am p ; ( x yz ) a 1 b 1 c 1 am p ; a 2 am p ; b 2 am p ; c 2 am p ; a 3 am p ; b 3 am p ; c 3 x y z = 0 am p ; ( x yz ) a 1 x + a 2 y + a 3 z b 1 x + b 2 y + b 3 z c 1 x + c 2 y + c 3 z = 0
a m p ; x ( a 1 x + a 2 y + a 3 z ) + y ( b 1 x + b 2 y + b 3 z ) a m p ; + z ( c 1 x + c 2 y + c 3 z ) = 0 a m p ; a 1 = 0 , b 2 = 0 c 3 = 0 a m p ; a 2 + b 1 = 0 , a 3 + c 1 = 0 , b 3 = c 2 = 0 \begin{aligned}& x\left(a_1 x+a_2 y+a_3 z\right)+y\left(b_1 x+b_2 y+b_3 z\right) \\& +z\left(c_1 x+c_2 y+c_3 z\right)=0 \\& a_1=0, b_2=0 c_3=0 \\& a_2+b_1=0, a_3+c_1=0, b_3=c_2=0\end{aligned} am p ; x ( a 1 x + a 2 y + a 3 z ) + y ( b 1 x + b 2 y + b 3 z ) am p ; + z ( c 1 x + c 2 y + c 3 z ) = 0 am p ; a 1 = 0 , b 2 = 0 c 3 = 0 am p ; a 2 + b 1 = 0 , a 3 + c 1 = 0 , b 3 = c 2 = 0
a m p ; A = skew symm matrix a m p ; A = ( 0 a m p ; x a m p ; y − x a m p ; 0 a m p ; z − y a m p ; − z a m p ; 0 ) ; A = ( 1 1 1 ) = ( 1 4 − 5 ) a m p ; ⇒ A = ( 0 a m p ; x a m p ; y − x a m p ; 0 a m p ; z − y a m p ; − z a m p ; 0 ) ( 1 1 1 ) = ( 1 4 − 5 ) \begin{aligned}& A=\text { skew symm matrix } \\& A=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0 & x & y \\-x & 0 & z \\-y & -z & 0\end{array}\right) ; \quad A=\left(\begin{array}{l}1 \\1 \\1\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{l}1 \\4 \\-5\end{array}\right) \\& \Rightarrow A=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0 & x & y \\-x & 0 & z \\-y & -z & 0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{l}1 \\1 \\1\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{l}1 \\4 \\-5\end{array}\right)\end{aligned} am p ; A = skew symm matrix am p ; A = 0 − x − y am p ; x am p ; 0 am p ; − z am p ; y am p ; z am p ; 0 ; A = 1 1 1 = 1 4 − 5 am p ; ⇒ A = 0 − x − y am p ; x am p ; 0 am p ; − z am p ; y am p ; z am p ; 0 1 1 1 = 1 4 − 5
a m p ; x + y = 1 a m p ; − x + z = 4 a m p ; y + z = 5 a m p ; ( 0 a m p ; x a m p ; y − x a m p ; 0 a m p ; z − y a m p ; − z a m p ; 0 ) ( 1 2 1 ) = ( 1 4 − 8 ) \begin{aligned}& x+y=1 \\& -x+z=4 \\& y+z=5 \\& \left(\begin{array}{ccc}0 & x & y \\-x & 0 & z \\-y & -z & 0\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{l}1 \\2 \\1\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{l}1 \\4 \\-8\end{array}\right)\end{aligned} am p ; x + y = 1 am p ; − x + z = 4 am p ; y + z = 5 am p ; 0 − x − y am p ; x am p ; 0 am p ; − z am p ; y am p ; z am p ; 0 1 2 1 = 1 4 − 8
2 x + y = 0 a m p ; x = − 1 − x + z = 4 a m p ; y = 2 − y − 2 z = − 8 a m p ; z = 3 \begin{array}{ll}2 x+y=0 & x=-1 \\-x+z=4 & y=2 \\-y-2 z=-8 & z=3\end{array} 2 x + y = 0 − x + z = 4 − y − 2 z = − 8 am p ; x = − 1 am p ; y = 2 am p ; z = 3
a m p ; A = ( 0 a m p ; − 1 a m p ; 2 1 a m p ; 0 a m p ; 3 − 2 a m p ; − 3 a m p ; 0 ) a m p ; 2 ( A + I ) = ( 2 a m p ; − 2 a m p ; 4 2 a m p ; 2 a m p ; 6 − 2 a m p ; − 6 a m p ; 2 ) a m p ; 2 ( A + I ) = 120 ⇒ det ∣ adi ( 2 ( A + I ) ) ∣ a m p ; = 120 2 = 2 6 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 5 2 a m p ; α = 6 , β = 2 , γ = 2 \begin{aligned}& A=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}0 & -1 & 2 \\1 & 0 & 3 \\-2 & -3 & 0\end{array}\right) \\& 2(\mathrm{~A}+\mathrm{I})=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}2 & -2 & 4 \\2 & 2 & 6 \\-2 & -6 & 2\end{array}\right) \\& 2(\mathrm{~A}+\mathrm{I})=120 \Rightarrow \operatorname{det}|\operatorname{adi}(2(\mathrm{~A}+\mathrm{I}))| \\& =120^2=2^6 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 5^2 \\& \alpha=6, \beta=2, \gamma=2\end{aligned} am p ; A = 0 1 − 2 am p ; − 1 am p ; 0 am p ; − 3 am p ; 2 am p ; 3 am p ; 0 am p ; 2 ( A + I ) = 2 2 − 2 am p ; − 2 am p ; 2 am p ; − 6 am p ; 4 am p ; 6 am p ; 2 am p ; 2 ( A + I ) = 120 ⇒ det ∣ adi ( 2 ( A + I )) ∣ am p ; = 12 0 2 = 2 6 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 5 2 am p ; α = 6 , β = 2 , γ = 2